Text 1 The Computer System

一． Vocabulary(词汇):
device：装置
cable：电缆
instruction：指令
terminal：终端
hardware：硬件
software：软件
input：输入
output：输出
central processing unit(CPU)：中央处理器
processor：处理器
integrated circuits(IC)：集成电路
printed circuit board：印刷电路板
memory：存储器
application program：应用程序
programming language processor：计算机程序语言处理器
operating system：操作系统
resource：资源
utilities(utility programs)：实用程序

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．A computer system includes both hardware and software.
2．A basic organization of a computer hardware system consists of an input device, an output

device, memory and a Central Processing Unit (CPU).
3．Software products may be divided into four basic types: application programs, programming

language processors, operating systems, and system utilities.
4．Application programs allow you to perform such tasks as solving statistical problems,

keeping your company's account books or playing a computer game.
5．Programming language processors are programs that support the use of a computer language

on a computer system.
6．Operating systems are control programs that manage hardware and software resources and

enable you to run application programs.
7．System utilities are special programs that enhance the usefulness and capabilities of a

computer.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1)硬件 ：hardware
(2)软件 ：software
(3)集成电路：integrated circuits(IC)
(4)中央处理器：central processing unit(CPU)
(5)应用软件：application software
(6)应用程序：application program
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(2)、(3)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)
4．Multiple Choice:
(1)、C
(2)、B
(3)、B
(4)、B

UNIT ONE Introduction to Computers

Text 2 System Components of Computers

一、 Vocabulary(词汇):
component：部件，元件
image：图形
printer：打印机
cabinet：机箱
chip：芯片
silicon：硅片
main memory：主存储器
secondary storage：辅助存储器
diskette drive：软驱
display screen (or monitor)：显示器

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．A computer system consists of four basic components : the Central Processing Unit(CPU),

memory, input device and output device.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1)计算机系统：computer system
(2)主存储器：main memory
(3)辅助存储器：secondary storage
(4)键盘：keyboard
(5)显示器：display screen (or monitor)
(6)数据：data
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(2)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(2)、(3)、(4)
4．True or False:
(1)、F
(3)、F
(4)、T
(5)、F

UNIT ONE Introduction to Computers

Text 3 The Evolution of Computers

一、 Vocabulary(词汇):
vacuum tube ：真空管
silicon chip ： 硅片
large-scale ： 大规模的
integration ：集成
chip circuitry ：芯片电路
package ：封装
auxiliary storage (=external storage or secondary storage) ：辅助存储器
data ：数据
magnetic disk ：磁盘
memory capacity(=storage capacity) ： 存储器容量
microprocessor ：微处理器
multiprogramming ：多道程序设计

二、Important sentences(重点句):
1． Modern electronic computers didn't appear until the 1940's. Research workers in America

produced a working computer in 1946.
2． The first-generation of computers were used from 1946 to 1959.They were characterized by

the most prominent feature of the ENIAC-vacuum tubes, and were large, costly, expensive to

power and often unreliable.
3． The second-generation of computers spanned the years from 1959 through to 1964. The most

notable change was that transistors replaced vacuum tubes.
4． In addition, the second-generation computers were given auxiliary storage, sometimes

called external or secondary storage.
5． Third generation computers lasted from 1964 to 1971. The third-generation is marked

chiefly by the development of integrated circuits, which replaced transistors.
6． From 1971 to the present, we have fourth-generation computers.

三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 电子管：vacuum tube
(2) 晶体管：transistor
(3) 磁带机：magnetic tape machine
(4) 磁盘机：magnetic disk machine
(5) 微处理器：microprocessor
(6) 大规模集成电路：Large-scale integration circuits
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、 (8)、(9)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(2)、(3)、 (5)、(8)
4．Mutiple Choice:
(1)、B
(2)、C
(3)、B、D
(4)、B

   原作者：宁波电大
来 源：www.openedu.com.cn 
      

《计算机专业英语》第二次课 
 
宁波广播电视大学象山分校信息资源中心 
 

UNIT ONE Introduction to Computers

Text 4 Microcomputer Architecture

一． Vocabulary(词汇):
keyboard ：键盘
printer ：打印机
plotter ：绘图仪
diskette ：软盘
execute ：执行
screen ：显示屏
medium (pl. media) ：媒体，介质
system ：系统
motherboard ：母板，主板
drive ：驱动器
memory board ：内存板
slot ：插槽
bus ：总线
bit ：位
interface ：接口
hard disk ：硬盘

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．Most systems are constructed around a motherboard, which is a metal frameword containing

a series of slots that are linked through a bus to an 8- or 16-bit processor.
2．CPU: It is used to carry out a variety of essential data manipulation and controlling

tasks in the heart of the computer.
3．Main memory : It contains the programs the CPU is currently executing and the data these

programs are operating on.
4．Mass storage devices: The hard disk, floppy disk and magnetic tape drives are called mass

storage devices, which hold data for long-term storage.
5．Input/Output devices: The keyboard, CRT display (monitor), printer and XY-plotter are

referred to as input/output devices.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 微型计算机：microcomputer
(2) 母板：motherboard
(3) 插槽：slot
(4) 接口：interface
(5) 硬盘驱动器：hard disk drive
(6) 软盘驱动器：floppy disk drive
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(2)、(3)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、 (3)、(4)、 (6)、 (8)
4．Multiple Choice:
(1)、Looking from outside, a microcomputer consists of a case, a keyboard, a monitor and a

printer.
(2)、To boot up a computer , you can either do a warm boot or a cold boot.
(3)、The computer can use the binary number system to represent any character. By far, ASCII

developed in USA, is the most widely used code.
(4)、The main memory in a computer consists of RAM and ROM.
(5)、A microcomputer has at least 640 kbytes of memory. 1 kbyte consists of 1024 bytes.

UNIT ONE Introduction to Computers

Text 5 Computer Viruses

一、 Vocabulary(词汇):
format ：格式化
shell ：壳，外壳
modify ：修改
insert ：插入，嵌入
extension ：扩展名
version ：版本
computer virus ：计算机病毒
sector ：扇区
intrusive virus ：入侵病毒
RAM (Random Access Memory) ：随机存储器
RAM-resident program ：内存驻留程序
operating system virus ：操作系统病毒
boot up ：引导
shell virus ：外壳病毒
source code virus ：源码病毒
device driver ：设备驱动程序
source program ：源程序
host program ：主程序
compile ：编译
worm virus ：蠕虫病毒
macro virus ：宏病毒

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．Computer viruses are small programs designed to replicate (make exact copies of

themselves) and spread, sometimes without giving any sign that they exist.
2．Computer viruses can be classified by how they infect a system. There are four main types

of viruses : shell , intrusive, operating system, and source code.
3．Shell viruses wrap themselves around a host program and do not modify the original

program code.
4．Intrusive viruses invade an existing program and actually insert a portion of their code

into the host program.
5．Operating system viruses work by replacing parts of the operating system with their own

logic.
6．Source code viruses are intrusive programs that are inserted into a source program such

as those written in Pascal prior to the program being compiled.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 病毒：virus
(2) 恶性病毒：malicious virus
(3) 外壳病毒：shell virus
(4) 源代码：source code
(5) 设备驱动程序：device driver
(6) 传播：spread
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(2)、(5)、(8)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(2)、(5)
4．Multiple Choice :
(1)、 A、C (注：现在的杀毒软件一般都具备病毒防火墙的功能)
(2)、 C
5．True or False:
(1)、F
(2)、F (注：如1999年4月26日爆发的CIH病毒就会烧毁主板或是硬盘)

UNIT ONE Introduction to Computers

Text 6 Multimedia Technology

一、 Vocabulary(词汇):
animation ：动画，动画片
video ：视频
audio ：声频
compact disk ：光盘
mouse ：鼠标器
sound board ：声卡
mixer ：混声器
throughput ：吞吐率
multimedia ：多媒体
graphics ：图形
optical storage ：光存储
image processing ：图像处理
CD-ROM drive ：光盘驱动器
MPC (multimedia personal computer) ：多媒体个人电脑
parallel ：并行
serial ：串行
joystick port ：游戏操纵杆控制端口
VGA (Video Graphics Array) ：视频图形阵列(显示卡)
resolution ：分辨率

二、Important sentences(重点句):
1． Multimedia, which typically refers to a synthesis of graphics, animation, optical

storage, image processing, and sound, is not a single technology, product, or market.
2． MPC stands for "multimedia personal computer".
3． The requirements for an MPC are described in detail in Microsoft's Multimedia PC

Specification Version 1.0.

三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 多媒体：multimedia
(2) 图形：graphics
(3) 视频：video
(4) 图像处理：image processing
(5) 动画：animation
(6) 光盘：compact disk
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(3)、(4)、(7)、(8)
4．Answer the following questions briefly:
(2)、OA
(4)、A byte consist of 8 bits.
(5)、In 1946, the first computer in the world ENIAC was developed.

   原作者：宁波电大
来 源：www.openedu.com.cn 
     
 

《计算机专业英语》第三次课 
 
宁波广播电视大学象山分校信息资源中心 
 

UNIT ONE Introduction to Computers

Text 7 Compact Disk - Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)

一． Vocabulary(词汇):
digital ：数字的
access ：存取
laser ：激光
reserve ：重新写入
compact disk ：密集盘
optical disk ：(=compact disk)光盘
video player ：影像光盘机
programmed search ：程序搜索
memory facility ：记忆功能
telephone directory ：电话簿
postal address ：邮政地址

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．New programs and data are 'burnt' onto the disc surface by a powerful laser.
2．To read the information, a weaker laser is passed over the surface and the reflected

distortion from the dips forms the data which can be used for 'playback'.
3．There are two types (standards) of optical disks :CD-I and CD-ROM.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 激光：laser
(2) 英寸：inch
(3) 只读存储器：ROM (Read Only Memory)
(4) 搜索：search
(5) 记忆：memory
(6) 存取：access
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(8)
4．Answer the following questions briefly::
(1)、What devices are usually used as secondary memory?
Answer: hard disk, floppy disk, optical disk, magnetic tape
(2)、What three categories do computer languages generally fall into?
Answer: machine languages, assembly languages and high-level languages.
(3)、What is the acronym for a double density diskette?
Answer: DD
(4)、How many bytes does a 'word' in the computer consist of ?
Answer: 1,2,4 or more bytes.

UNIT TWO Hardware and Configuration

Text 1 The Central Processing Unit(CPU)

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
manufacturer ：制造商
performance ：性能
megahertz(MHz) ：兆赫
nanoseconds (ns) ：纳秒
overclocking ：超频
warranty ：保修
upgrade ：升级
configuration ：配置，设置
microcomputer ：微型计算机
arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) ：算术/逻辑部件(运算器)
instruction counter ：指令计数器
decoder ：译码器
super-mini-computers ：超级小型机
numerically coded instruction ：数字化编码的指令
high-speed storage ：高速存储器
primary storage ：(=main memory) 主存储器
microprocessor-CPU based systems ：以微处理器为CPU的基本系统
video-arcade game ：电子游戏
digital TV ：数字电视

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．The operations of a computer system are controlled by the CPU, which contains an

arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), an instruction counter and a decoder.
2．The speed at which the CPU operates is called the clock speed and is measured in

megahertz(MHz).
3．A clock cycle is the time that the CPU takes to perform instructions at a given clock

speed.
4．The CPU can operate at two different clock speeds : an internal speed for operations

within the CPU, and an external speed for transferring data into and out of the CPU.
5．Overclocking is a term generally used to describe how you have increased the clock

frequency on your board to run your system at a higher speed.
6．Microprocessors have come a long way since 1971 when the first microprocessor, the Intel

4004, was developed.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 电子元件：electronic component
(2) 算术逻辑单元：arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
(3) 硅片：silicon chip
(4) 指令计数器：instruction counter
(5) 时钟速度：clock speed
(6) 译码器：decoder
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(3) 、(4)、(8)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(4)、(5) 、(6)、(7)
4．Answer the following questions briefly:
(2) To which generation do the present-day computers belong?
Answer: The fourth generation.

UNIT TWO Hardware and Configuration

Text 2 Memory

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
account ：银行户头
generate ：产生，建立
subscriber ：订户
word ：字
overwrite ：覆盖

二、Important sentences(重点句):
1． The microcomputer's memory consists of main memory and secondary storage.
2． The main memory of most computers is composed of random access memory (RAM) .
3． Main memory on the computer is used to store instructions and data temporarily while the

instructions are being executed and data are being processed.

三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 随机存储器：Random Access Memory (RAM)
(2) 只读存储器：Read Only Memory (ROM)
(3) 主存储器：main memory
(4) 辅助存储器：secondary storage
(5) 标签：label
(6) 指令：instruction
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(3)、(4)、(9)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(4)、(7)
4．Multiple Choice:
(1)、 B
(2)、 B
(3)、 B
(4)、 A

   原作者：宁波电大
来 源：www.openedu.com.cn 
     
 

《计算机专业英语》第四次课 
 
宁波广播电视大学象山分校信息资源中心 
 

UNIT TWO Hardware and Configuration

Text 3 The System Buses

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
origin ：起点
destination ：终点
address ：寻址
byte ：字节
nibble ：半字节
address-bus ：地址总线
register ：寄存器
control-bus ：控制总线
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) ：工业标准结构
EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) ：扩展工业标准结构
MCA (Micro Channel Architecture) ：微通道结构
expansion bus ：扩展总线
adapter ：适配器
peripheral ：外部设备
faxmodem (or modem) ：调制解调器
graphics adapter ：图形适配器
NIC (Network Interface Card) ：网络接口卡
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) ：小型计算机系统接口
data bus ：数据总线
data width ：数据宽度
external speed ：外部速度
VESA (Video Electronic Standards Association) ：视频电子标准协会
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) ：外围部件互连
USB (Universal Serial Bus) ：通用串行总线

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．The data bus transmits data between these units.
2．The address bus is used to select the origin or destination of signals transmitted

through one of the other buses.
3．Traditionally, a standard address bus has 16 lines, that is to say, it can address 64 KB

devices (1 KB =1024 in computer jargon ).
4．The control-bus is used for the synchronization of the system.
5．Memory is logically organized into words
6．8 bits are called a byte, 4 bits a nibble; there is no other specific word for other

sizes of words.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) data bus
(2) address-bus
(3) control-bus
(4) transmit data
(5) register
(6) address unit
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(8)、(9)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(2)、(3)、(4)
4．Put in the missing words:
(1)、A computer has two kinds of memory, called main memory and secondary memory.
(2)、The most common microcomputer secondary storage medium is floppy disk and hard disk.
(3)、In the computer, a byte consists of eight bits, representing 256 unique binary numbers.

UNIT TWO Hardware and Configuration

Text 5 Floppy Disks

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
mainframe computer ：主机
double density ：倍密度
high density ：高密度
extended-density ：扩展密度
track density ：磁道密度
read/write head ：读/写头
read/write slot ：读/写槽口

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．In 1972, IBM introduced flexible diskettes as a medium for loading programs into

mainframe computers. Because the disks were so flexible, they were nicknamed floppy disk.
2．Floppy disks , also called diskettes, are available in two size : 3.5 and 5.25 inches.
3．Lower-capacity disk drives cannot read from and write to high-capacity disks.
4．Floppy disk drivers are commonly referred to as the A drive and the B drive.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) floppy disk drive
(2) medium
(3) density
(4) track
(5) kilobyte
(6) read/write head
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(3) 、(4)、(9)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(2)、(6)、(8)

UNIT TWO Hardware and Configuration

Text 6 Hard Disks

一、 Vocabulary(词汇):
gigabyte ：千兆字节，吉字节
actuation arm ：存取臂
access arm ：存取臂
magnetic oxide material ：磁氧化材料
cylinder ：柱面
head ：磁头
cylinder approach ：柱面操作方式

二、Important sentences(重点句):
1． Hard disks store data on rigid aluminum or ceramic platters, coated with a magnetic

oxide material.
2． Cylinders are concentric regions on the hard disk platter with cylinder 0 usually

located at the outer edge.
3． Cylinder numbers start at zero, so if your hard disk has 900 cylinders, they will be

numbered from 0 - 899.
4． The heads of a hard disk are used to read and write data.
5． Head numbers start at zero, so if your drive has 9 heads, they will be numbered from 0 -

8.
6． A sector is the smallest physically addressable unit of storage on a hard disk.
7． Sector numbers start at one , so if your drive has 17 sectors on a track, they will be

numbered from 1 to 17.

三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 柱面：cylinder
(2) 存取：access
(3) 扇区：sector
(4) 硬盘：hard disk
(5) 千兆字节：gigabyte
(6) 兆字节：megabyte
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(4)、(8)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(4)、(6) 、 (7)、(8)
4．True/False?
(1)、Formatting erases all data on the disk.
Answer: True
(2)、A 360 KB floppy disk can store approximately 360,000 binary-coded Chinese characters.
Answer: False
(3)、A write-protected floppy disk cannot possibly carry a virus.
Answer: False
(4)、A floppy disk is an essential peripheral device; without which a computer cannot

operate.
Answer: False

   原作者：宁波电大
来 源：www.openedu.com.cn 
     
 

《计算机专业英语》第五次课
 
宁波广播电视大学象山分校信息资源中心 
 

UNIT TWO Hardware and Configuration

Text 10 The Keyboard

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
keypad ：(数字键盘上的)小键
punctuation ：标点符号
character key ：字母键
function key ：功能键
numeric key ：数字键
upper-case character ：大写字母
lower-case character ：小写字母
configure ：配置
code sequence ：代码序列
default code ：缺省代码
auxiliary port ：辅助端口(AUX端口)
carriage return ：回车
linefeed ：换行
space character ：空格
ASCII ：American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息互换标准代码

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．A computer keyboard is so responsive that you can type using a light touch.
2．The keys on the keyboard can be divided into three functional groups, known as the

Character Keys, Function Keys, and Numeric Keys (on the keypad).
3．The Function Keys are used to modify the operation of the terminal.
4．The Numeric Key Pad allows numbers to be entered in the same way you would use a

calculator.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 键盘：keyboard
(2) 大写字母：upper-case character
(3) 功能键：function key
(4) 打字机：typewriter
(5) 回车：carriage return
(6) 速率：speed
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(3)、(4)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)
4．Put in the missing words:
(1)、Using DOS commands, you can type English letters either in ( upper-case or lower-case).

They will have the same effect either way.
(2)、In a 24*24 dot matrix display , ( 72 ) bytes are used to represent the image of a

Chinese character.
(3)、The hexadecimal equivalent of decimal 53 is ( 35 ).

UNIT TWO Hardware and Configuration

Text 11 Color Monitors

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
convergence ：聚集
cabinet　：机壳
outlet　：电源插座
contrast　：对比度
display tube　：显像管
vertical/horizontal synchronization　：场/行同步
output level　：输出电平
analog　：模拟量
video analog　：视频模拟
TTL (transistor-transistor logic)　：晶体管－晶体管逻辑（电路）
AC (alternating current)　：交流电
max. (maximum)　：最大值
min. (minimum)　：最小值
female connector　：连接插座
scanning frequency　：扫描频率
H(Horizontal)-Phase　：行相位
vertical-size　：场幅

补充词汇：
CRT(Cathode-Ray Tube) display　：阴级射线管显示器
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)　：液晶显示器
plasma display　：等离子显示器

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．The display area can be moved left or right (horizontally) by rotating the H-phase

Control knob.
2．The display can be moved up or down (vertically) by rotating the V-size Control knob

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 显示器　：display /monitor
(2) 显像管　：display tube
(3) 输出电平　：output level
(4) 扫描频率　：scanning frequency
(5) 场同步　：vertical synchronization
(6) 聚集 ：convergence
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(2)、(3) 、(10)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(2)、(5)、(6)

UNIT TWO Hardware and Configuration

Text 12 Printers

一、 Vocabulary(词汇):
humidity　：湿度
parallel　：并行的
compatible　：兼容机
bubble jet printer　：喷墨打印机
magnetic field　：磁场
parallel interface　：并行接口
interface cable　：接口电缆
补充词汇：
stylus printer　：针式打印机
ink jet printer　：喷墨打印机
laser printer　：激光打印机

二、Important sentences(重点句):
1． Most microcomputer printers print one character at a time, usually at rates ranging from

approximately 30 to 180 characters per second.
2． A more reasonable approach is to use a line printer which, as the name implies, prints

an entire line at one time instead of character by character.
3． Even greater speed can be obtained by using a page printer to churn out complete pages

at one time.

三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 行式打印机：line printer
(2) 喷墨打印机：bubble jet printer/ ink jet printer　
(3) 并行接口：parallel interface
(4) 工作环境：operating environment
(5) 磁场：magnetic field
(6) 接口电缆：interface cable
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(3)、(4)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(8)

   原作者：宁波电大
来 源：www.openedu.com.cn 
     
 
 

《计算机专业英语》第六次课 
 
宁波广播电视大学象山分校信息资源中心 
 

UNIT THREE Operating Systems

Text 1 The Computer Operating System

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
time scale ：时段
abstraction　：抽象
program module　：程序模块
operational software (= operating system software)　：操作系统软件
logical gate　：逻辑门
hierarchy　：多层次等级制
listener program　：收听器程序
disk head (= head or read/write head )　读/写头

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．The operating system is a collection of program modules that control and manage the

system's hardware as well as its software resources, thus enabling you to run application

programs on it.
2．Operating systems are normally unique to their manufacturers and the hardware in which

they are run.
3．An operating system spans the entire range of complexity found in a computer system.
4．The basic idea is to create a hierarchy of levels of abstraction so that at any level,

the operating system module can ignore the details of what is going on at all lower levels.
补充内容：
主要操作系统软件制造商及其产品：
（1） Microsoft Corporation (微软公司) : MS-DOS, Windows 3.2,Windows 9X系列(Windows 95,

Windows 97, Windows98, Windows 98 SE(Second Edition), Windows 98 ME(Millennium Edition))，

Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP等
（2） Unix操作系统：
IBM (International Business Machines Corporation 国际商用机器公司): PC DOS, z/OS, AIX,

OS/400, VM/ESA等
SUN ( Standford University Network ) Microsystems (SUN 微系统公司) :Solaris
（3） Apple Computer, Inc.（苹果公司）：Mac OS
（4） Novell, Inc (Novell公司)：Netware系列
（5） Linux操作系统(自由软件)：
Red Hat, Inc.（红帽子公司）：Red Hat Linux
Redflag Software Co.,Ltd.（北京中科红旗软件技术有限公司）：红旗Linux
Xteam Software (China) Co. Ltd.( Xteam(中国)软件技术有限公司)：XteamLinux中文版
.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 操作系统　：operating system
(2) 应用软件　：application software
(3) 程序模块　：program module
(4) 策略　：strategy
(5) 软件资源　：software resource
(6) 隔绝　：insulate
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(4)、(6)、(10)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、 (3)、(4)、 (5)、(6)
4．Answer the following questions briefly:
(3)、What is the basic unit for measuring the storage capacity of a computer system?
Answer: Byte

UNIT THREE Operating Systems

Text 2 Disk Operating System - MS-DOS

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
nucleus ：核心
interface　：联系，接口
acronym　：首字词
command processor　：命令处理程序
routine　：例行程序
hardware-independent　：不依赖于硬件的
device-dependent　：依赖于设备的
programming code　：程序代码
programming logic　：编程逻辑
conventional memory　：常规内存
transient module　：过渡模块

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．The nucleus of microcomputer is its Operating System.
2．The Operating System monitors and controls all input/output and processing activities

within a computer system.
3．DOS is an acronym for Disk Operating System.
4．The best known Disk Operating System is MS-DOS, developed by Microsoft Corporation for

the IBM-PC and compatible machines.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 核心　：nucleus
(2) 实用程序　：utility program+
(3) 监督　：monitor
(4) 微软公司　：Microsoft Corporation
(5) 控制　：control
(6) 任选项 ：any option
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、(2) 、(7)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(3)、(6)
4．Multiple Choice:
(1)、__________ controls and manages the system's hardware and software resources, thus

enabling a user to use his computer conveniently and efficiently.
A． Application software
B． Operating system software
C． A text editing or word processing program
D． Translator software
Answer: B
 

UNIT THREE Operating Systems

Text 9 Windows Modes and Basic Elements

一、 Vocabulary(词汇):
multitasking　：执行多任务的
Graphical User Interface (GUI)　：用户图形接口
icon　：图标
scroll bar　：滚动棒
dialog box　：对话框
multimedia extension　：多媒体扩展
protected mode　：保护模式
real mode　：实模式
enhanced mode　：增强模式
program manager　：程序管理器
modem　：调制解调器
file manager　：文件管理器
补充：
resource manager　：资源管理器

二、Important sentences(重点句):
1． Microsoft Windows is a descendant of MS－DOS　and an extension to MS-DOS developed by

Microsoft.
2． Windows provides a graphical user interface and standard methods for switching among

applications, file and program management, windowing, icons, pull-down menus, scroll-bars

and dialog boxes ( temporary windows) .
3． Windows is a multitasking operating system and has several advantages over MS-DOS.
4． Microcomputers that use the Intel family of CPUS can run in two modes: protected mode

and real mode.
5． Windows runs in protected mode, but you can also choose to run it in two other modes:

386 enhanced mode and standard mode.
6． When working in Windows, your main work area is the desktop.
7． File Manager is a tool you can use to organize the files and directories in your

computer.
8． In File Manager, your files and directories are displayed in a directory window which is

split into two parts : the left half displays the directory tree, and the right half

displays the contents of the current directory.

三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 多任务：multitask
(2) 实模式　：real mode
(3) 多媒体　：multimedia
(4) 增强模式　：enhanced mode
(5) 保护模式　：protected mode
(6) 图标　：icon
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(1)、 (4)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(4)、(5)

   原作者： 宁波电大
来 源：www.openedu.com.cn 
     
 

《计算机专业英语》第七次课 
 
宁波广播电视大学象山分校信息资源中心 
 

UNIT THREE Operating Systems

Text 10 Windows initialization files

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
heading　：标题
font　：字体
wallpaper　：墙纸
initialization　：初始化
icon spacing　：图标空间

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．Windows initialization files contain information that defines your Windows environment.
2．WIN.INI, which primarily contains settings that Windows maintains to customize your

Windows environment according to your preferences.
3．SYSTEM.INI, which primarily contains settings that customize Windows to meet your

system's hardware needs.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 初始化　： initialization　
(2) 墙纸　：wallpaper
(3) 环境　：environment
(4) 桌面设置　：desktop setting
(5) 性能　：performance
(6) 标题　：heading
2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.
(3)、(4)、(7)、(10)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)
4．Multiple Choice:
(3)、Windows 95 is ( ).
A. word processing software
B. operating system software
C. diagram processing software
D. a computer language
Answer: B

UNIT FOUR Computer Networks

Text 1 Computer Networks -- The Internet

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
database　：数据库
recipient　：收件人
domain　：域
suffix　：后缀
distributed data processing　：分布式数据处理
mainframe　：主机
ring network　：环形网络
backup　：备份
Bulletin Board System (BBS)　：电子公告板系统
 

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．A network consists of several computers linked by communication lines.
2．To send mail to someone on the Internet, you must find out the username and machine name

of the mail recipient, usually by asking the recipient.
3．.COM ---- Assigned to commercial organization.
4．.EDU ---- Assigned to educational institutions, chiefly universities.
5．.ORG ---- Assigned to nonprofit agencies.
6．.GOV ---- Assigned to government agencies.
7．.MIL ---- Assigned to military organization.
8．So, for user "lumpy" on machine "geewhiz" at Extreme South Eastern Rhode Island

University (domain name :exsoeari.edu), the appropriate mail address would be:

lumpy@geewhiz.exsoeari.edu.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 网络　：network
(2) 层次结构　：hierarchical structure
(3) 数据处理　：data processing
(4) 调制解调器　：modem
(5) 分布的　：distributed
(6) 电子公告板 ：bulletin board
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(2)、(3)、(4)

UNIT FOUR Computer Networks

Text 2 Computer Network Configuration

一、 Vocabulary(词汇):
receiver　：接收机
loop　：圈，环；回路
repeater　：中继器
terminator　：终端连接器
node　：结点
star configuration　：星形结构
multiplexer　：多路转换器
controller　：控制器
ring configuration　：环形结构
bus configuration　：总线结构
补充：　
tree configuration：树形结构

二、Important sentences(重点句):
1． A　group of interconnected computers capable of exchanging information is called a

network..
2． A network is organized as an interconnected series of nodes, each node consisting of one

or more computers.
3． In this design(star configuration), the center of the star acts as a multiplexer of

controller.
4． Each multiplexer supports a fixed number of computers.
5． A disadvantage of the star configuration is that the loss of the multiplexer or the

central controller will disable acquisition of data from the drive and will stop all

communications between the computers.
6． The ring configuration requires a single line connecting all devices to the network .
7． The disadvantage here (ring configuration) is that the failure of one node inhibits the

transmission of information along to the rest of the line.
8． The bus configuration is currently the most widely used among network designers and

manufactures.
9． A terminator must be placed at both ends of the line with such a network (bus

configuration).

三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 网络结构　：network configuration
(2) 接口　：interface
(3) 多路转换器　：multiplexer
(4) 数据传输率　：data transfer rate
(5) 控制器　：controller
(6) 终端连接器　：terminator
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(2)、(3)、(6)
4．True / False?
(2)、Assembly languages are not higher-level programming languages.
Answer: True
(3)、Inside a computer, both a letter of the English alphabet and a Chinese character

consists of 8 bits when they are binary encoded.
Answer: False

   原作者：宁波电大
来 源：www.openedu.com.cn 
     
 

《计算机专业英语》第八次课 
 
宁波广播电视大学象山分校信息资源中心 
 

UNIT FOUR Computer Networks

Text 3 Multiservice LANs

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
multiservice　：多重服务
stream　：数据流
packet　：信息包
bandwidth　：带宽
desktop(=desktop computer or PC)　：桌面电脑
switching technology　：交换技术
real-time　：实时
video conferencing　：电视会议
pure voice telephony　：纯语音电话
application sharing　：应用共享
ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)　：异步传输模式
protocol　：协议
Ethernet　：以太网
circuit-switching gateway　：电路交换网关
call-control intelligence　：呼叫控制智能
map　：映射
IP(Internet Protocol)　：网间协议
virtual circuit ：虚拟电路
server　：服务器
PBX(Private Branch Exchange)　：用户交换机
补充：
QoS(Quality of Service)　：服务质量
LAN(Local Area Network)　：局域网
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)：电气电子工程师协会
IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force) ：Internet工程任务组
RSVP(Resource Reservation Protocol) ：资源保留协议
ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop) ：非对称数字用户环线
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) ：综合业务数字网

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．According to industry consensus,desktop video conferencing, collaboration voice and data

applications and pure voice telephony will not run well over network infrastructures that

provide only best effort datagram delivery.
2．ATM popularized the concept of QoS, but it is not exclusive to ATM.
3．The dominance of IP and Ethernet at the desktop means most new interpersonal

communications applications will be IP-based and use RSVP to request QoS.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 局域网　： LAN(Local Area Network)
(2) 公共交换网　：public switched network
(3) 桌面系统　：desktop system
(4) 视频会议系统　：video conferencing system
(5) 数据报文　：datagram
(6) 服务质量　：QoS(Quality of Service)
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(2)、 (6)
4．Multiple Choice:
(2)、4KB consists of ____________ .
A. 4096 bytes
B. 4000 bytes
C. 4096 words
D. 4000 words
Answer: A
5．True / False?
(1) The capacity of a floppy diskette increase with its size.
Answer: False
(2)Computer viruses don't do harm to hardware, so they cannot cause serious damage to the

computer system.
Answer: False
(3)You can keep a system diskette clean by write-protecting it.
Answer: True

UNIT FOUR Computer Networks

Text 4 The Intranets and Internet

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
Intranet　：内部网络
text　：文本
paperless office　：无纸办公
Internet　：因特网，互联网
World Wide Web(WWW)　：环球网络
multimedia document　：多媒体文档
client　：客户机
platform-independent　：独立于平台的
bridge　：网桥
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)　：超文本标记语言
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)　：超文本传输协议
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)　：文件传输协议
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)　：传输控制协议/网际网协议
browser　：浏览器

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．An Intranet is simply the application of Internet technology within an Internet or closed

user group.
2．The WWW enables transfer and display of multimedia documents between servers, which store

the information, and clients or users.
3．The typical corporate computer network infrastructure is a LAN.
4． Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the language of the World Wide Web.
5． Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a protocol to transfer files.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 内部网　：intranet
(2) 环球网络　：World Wide Web (WWW)
(3) 互联网　：internet
(4) 超文本标记语言　：HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
(5) 无纸办公　：paperless office
(6) 网络管理 ：network management
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(2)

UNIT FOUR Computer Networks

Text 5 Internet-Based Training

一、 Vocabulary(词汇):
download ：下载
IS (Information System) ：信息系统
online library ：在线库
E-mail (electronic mail) ：电子邮件

二、Important sentences(重点句):
1． Internet-based training (also called Web-based or online training) has emerged in the

past six months as a cost and time-efficient way to address many companies' training needs.
2． Computer-based training (CBT) programs have been around for years, allowing employees to

learn at their own pace and with little disruption of workflow in the office, but they have

been very costly.
3． Some Internet-based training merely uses the Internet to deliver course material similar

to CBT, but the trend is to use the medium's capability to offer interactivity.
4． Course materials can be downloaded from CalCampus' online library or received via Email.

三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 电子邮件　：E-mail
(2) 媒体　：media
(3) 信息技术　：IT(Information Technology)
(4) 浏览器　：browser
(5) 在线　：online
(6) 带宽　：bandwidth
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(2)、(5)

   原作者：宁波电大
来 源：www.openedu.com.cn 
     
 

《计算机专业英语》第九次课 
 
宁波广播电视大学象山分校信息资源中心 
 

UNIT FOUR Computer Networks

Text 6 Programming Languages for the Internet

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
variable ：变量
RAD(Rapid Application Development) ：快速应用程序开发
IDE(Integrated Development Environment) ：集成开发环境
refresh period ：刷新周期
combo box ：组合方框
CGI(Common Gateway Interface) ：公共网关接口
shell script languages ：Shell脚本语言
pop-up box ：弹出式方框
class extensions ：类的扩展
OLE(Object Linkage and Embedded) ：对象链接和嵌入
VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) ：虚拟现实建模语言
3D image (Three-dimensional image) ：三维图形

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．The software industry has evolved through different generations of programming languages,

from machine and assembly languages to higher level programming languages to RAD (Rapid

Application Development) tools and IDE (Integrated Development Environment) like Visual C++,

Borland C++, Delphi and Visual Basic.
2．The Internet is essentially different machines interconnected by using TCP/IP

(Transmission and Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
3．The basic language for building a Web page is HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), now at

version 3.2. It provides a standard format for Web pages to create a link, provide the

refresh period for a page to change, embed audio files, embed Javascript, lay out the combo

box, and form pages into different frame.
4．CGI(Common Gateway Interface) is like C or shell script languages. It receives parameters

or information that a user has entered in the Web page as variables and processes them.

Results are then fed back to the screen embedded in a HTML page.
5．Javascript is a scripting language (a program written in a scripting language remains in

text form and is interpreted at run time).
6．An application like Microsoft Word can run a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet using the OLE

(Object Linkage and Embedded) server from an Excel application.
7．There is VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) to produce the 3D images with geometry.

With a VRML plug-in, the browser will be able to view the 3D-mocel and maneuver the object.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 集成开发环境 ：IDE(Integrated Development Environment)
(2) 三维图形 ：3D image (Three-dimensional image)
(3) HTML页面　：HTML page
(4) 动画　：animation
(5) 虚拟　：virtual
(6) 嵌入　：embed
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(3)、(4)、(6)
4．Multiple Choice:
(1)、MS-DOS 6.0 is a ____________ operating system.
A. single-user and multitasking
B. single-user and single task
C. multi-user and single task
D. multi-user and multitasking
Answer: B
(3) Under DOS, a filename with ".." in the path means the file is in the ____________

directory.
A. next lower level
B. current
C. root
D. next higher level
Answer: D

UNIT FIVE Utility Programs

Text 1 Flowcharts

一、Vocabulary(词汇):
diagram ：图形
rectangle ：矩形，长方形
content ：内容
arrow ：箭头
terminal ：终端
initialize ：初始化
flowchart ：(=flow-diagram) 流程图
diamond-shaped ：菱形图
linear program ：线性程序

二． Important sentences(重点句):
1．A flowchart, or flow-diagram , is a kind of diagram commonly used to assist the

programmer.
2．The process operation symbol tells us that some specific action is to be taken. The

action is indicated by a statement inside the rectangle.
3．The diamond-shaped symbol indicates that a decision of some sort has to be made.
4． The terminal symbol is used to indicate the start and end of flowchart.

三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):
1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.
(1) 流程图 ：flowchart (=flow-diagram)
(2) 源程序　：source program
(3) 菱形 ：diamond-shape
(4) 寄存器　：register
(5) 分类　：classification
(6) 停机 ：halt
3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:
(1)、(2)、(3)

   原作者：宁波电大
来 源：www.openedu.com.cn